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Mediterranean parrotfish
Sparisoma cretense
Σκάρος

Sustainability Status

Currently considered sustainable

Help us protect our seas by reporting illegal or undersized fish that you see in markets, restaurants or fishing boats
Good choice – Consumption of this species is currently considered sustainable

Legal

Minimum Size

Prohibited Consumption Period

Sustainable

Minimum Size

23 cm

Avoid Consumption Period

July – September

Advice for Consumption

Consumption of this species is currently considered sustainable.

Greek legislation does not establish legal minimum size and no closed season, leaving juvenile and spawning fish completely unprotected.

Choose responsibly by respecting sustainable size limits and avoiding consumption during the breeding season.

Archipelagos Tips

Choosing larger, mature fish helps reduce fishing pressure on juvenile individuals.

Common names

FR

Poisson-perroquet

it

Pesce pappagallo

es

Vieja colorada

tr

Iskaroz

pt

Papagaio

nl

Griekse papegaaivis

de

Europäischer Papageifisch

toxicity

This species is safe to consume.

iucn info

Description

The body is elongated and laterally compressed like its counterparts. It has thick, whitish lips that form a beak-like structure. The body is covered in large, well-visible scales. The tail is rounded. Males display a teal colouration whereas females display red colouration with a dark blotch covering the anterior midsection just behind the eye, which is often bordered by yellow colouration.

It looks like Chlorurus gibbus (Heavy beak parrotfish), both belong to the parrotfish family (Scaridae), possess beak-like mouths formed by fused teeth, and primarily feed on algae and small crustaceans. Additionally, both species exhibit color changes throughout their lifecycles, though the specific patterns differ.

Did you know?

It is estimated that in the Maldives, parrotfish are responsible for 85% of the production of new sand, through their excrement!

Ecological Aspects

Diet

Herbivorous.
Feeds on algae and small invertebrates.

habitat

Benthopelagic.
Found along rocky shores.

Max size & depth range

Max length: 50 cm
Max weight: 2.2 kg
Depth range: 5-50 m

breeding & Growth

Gonochoric (separate sexes). Spawns in open water occurring from July through September.
Growth rate: Slow (k = 0.20yr⁻¹).

Longevity & presence

Lifespan: 5-7 years
Max reported age: 12 years
Distribution: Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic.

appearance changes

Juveniles show pale grey to light greenish‑grey tones with pink or yellow glints and large yellow eyes, sometimes shifting to a paler whitish phase with darker stripes when stressed or camouflaging. As they mature, females develop a vivid reddish to reddish‑brown coloration marked by a grey patch behind the head and a bright yellow spot on the upper caudal peduncle, while males become larger, grey‑brown, and more uniformly mottled, typically holding territories and appearing duller than females.

Reproductive Cycle

Reproductive frequency: Numerous times throughout breeding season

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If you’d like to learn more about the work of the Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation, please visit our website: https://archipelago.gr/

Good choice – Consumption of this species is currently considered sustainable

Illegal species – Fishing, selling and consumption of this species is illegal

Fishstocks – Declining due to overexploitation

Think before you eat – This species faces increasing pressures and should only be consumed responsibly

Bad choice – Consumption of this species is unsustainable

Health concerns
Can accumulate dangerously high levels of toxic substances harmful to health

Alien / Invasive – This species is not from this region and can have a negative impact on the ecosystem and threaten local biodiversity, so it is sustainable to eat

Aquafarms – You will commonly find this species coming from aquafarms