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So-iuy mullet
Planiliza haematocheilus
Ζαργανοκέφαλος

Sustainability Status

Sustainable food source

Help us protect our seas by reporting illegal or undersized fish that you see in markets, restaurants or fishing boats
Good choice – Consumption of this species is currently considered sustainable
Alien / Invasive – This species is not from this region and can have a negative impact on the ecosystem and threaten local biodiversity, so it is sustainable to eat

Legal

Minimum Size

Prohibited Consumption Period

Sustainable

Minimum Size

Avoid Consumption Period

Advice for Consumption

Consumption of this species is currently considered sustainable.

Archipelagos Tips

Consumption of this species helps the ecosystem as it is an alien species!

Common names

FR

Mulet so-iuy

it

Cefalo Soiuy

es

Lisa so-iuy

tr

Rus kefali

pt

Tainha-lábio-vermelho

nl

Soiuy-harder

de

Rotlippige Meeräsche

toxicity

This species is safe to consume.

iucn info

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Description

It has an elongated, moderately deep, slightly compressed body covered with large scales and lacking a lateral line. The head is flat with a blunt snout, a small slightly downward-facing mouth, and a well-developed adipose eyelid covering most of the eye. It has two dorsal fins, moderately long pectoral fins, and a deeply forked caudal fin. The back is greenish to bluish-grey, fading to silvery sides marked with dark horizontal streaks, while the fins are generally greyish with a darker edge on the tail.

It looks like Mugil cephalus (Flathead grey mullet), as both species have an elongated, moderately deep body covered with large scales, two well-separated dorsal fins, and a deeply forked caudal fin. They also lack a lateral line and have a well-developed adipose eyelid covering much of the eye. The two species can be distinguished by differences in mouth shape, head profile, and gill raker characteristics.

Did you know?

Invasive so-iuy mullets live their first year in freshwater rivers and then eventually migrate to waters with varying salinities!

Ecological Aspects

Diet

Omnivorous.
Feeds on algae, debris, and zooplankton.

habitat

Pelagic.
Found in shallow coastal waters and freshwater.

Max size & depth range

Max length: 80 cm
Max weight: 5 kg
Depth range: 5-10m

breeding & Growth

Gonochoric (separate sexes). Breeding occurs in saltwater in May through mid-July. Eggs are pelagic going back towards freshwater as juveniles.
Growth rate: Slow (k = 0.14yr⁻¹)

Longevity & presence

Lifespan: 6 years
Max reported age: 12 years
Distribution: Mediterranean, Black Sea, and Northwest Pacific.

appearance changes

Adult Planiliza haematocheila undergoes physiological changes during the reproductive season. As gonads develop and mature, the overall body condition shifts, resulting in subtle changes to skin tone and fin coloration to attract mates, while the fish’s scale rings (annuli) visually reflect annual growth and seasonal changes.

Reproductive Cycle

Egg count: 454,300-2,366,574 eggs
Reproductive frequency: Once annually.

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Good choice – Consumption of this species is currently considered sustainable

Illegal species – Fishing, selling and consumption of this species is illegal

Fishstocks – Declining due to overexploitation

Think before you eat – This species faces increasing pressures and should only be consumed responsibly

Bad choice – Consumption of this species is unsustainable

Health concerns
Can accumulate dangerously high levels of toxic substances harmful to health

Alien / Invasive – This species is not from this region and can have a negative impact on the ecosystem and threaten local biodiversity, so it is sustainable to eat

Aquafarms – You will commonly find this species coming from aquafarms